저분자콜라겐펩타이드(제2024-34호 외 1건) 연구와 출처

Background Cost-effective and easy-to-implement nutritional approaches to overcoming obesity and accompanying diseases remain of considerable therapeutic interest. Collagen peptides (CP) have previously demonstrated potential to alleviate obesity and related symptoms during high-fat/ high-caloric diets. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis have been conducted to pool the evidence from the last decades. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE and ScienceDirect in March 2024. Risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE tool for animal studies. A random-effects model with standardized mean differences (SMD) calculated overall effect sizes. Preclinical controlled trials as well as randomized controlled trials were eligible if rodents received a high-fat or high-caloric diet, were genetically not modified and administered CPs compared to a placebo for at least 3 weeks. Results Twenty-one and nineteen (n = 339) studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. A several-week CP supplementation led to significant decreases in body mass (p Conclusion CP administration in rodents with obesity for at least 3 weeks demonstrated significant anti-obesity effects by positively influencing body mass, food intake, glucose metabolism, lipid markers, adipose tissue and adipokines. However, CP's anti-obesity effects in humans remain largely unexplored, necessitating further research.

Introduction Over the past decade, collagen peptide (CP) supplements have received considerable attention in sports nutrition research. These supplements have shown promising results in improving personal health, enhancing athletic performance, and preventing injuries in some but not all studies. Objective A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has been conducted to investigate the effects of long-term daily collagen peptide (CP) supplementation on strength, musculotendinous adaptation, functional recovery, and body composition in healthy adults, both with and without concurrent exercise interventions over several weeks. Methods The PRISMA with PERSiST guidelines were followed for this systematic literature review, which was conducted in December 2023 using PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases. Eligible studies included healthy, normal to overweight adults over 17 years of age who engaged in exercise and daily collagen peptide (CP) supplementation for a minimum of 8 weeks (except one 3-week trial only included for maximal strength). Studies examining recovery-related outcomes were also eligible if they included a 1-week supplementation period without exercise. Methodological study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. A random-effects model with standardized mean differences (SMD) of change scores was chosen to calculate overall effect sizes. Results Nineteen studies comprising 768 participants were included in both the systematic review and meta-analysis. Results indicate statistically significant effects in favor of long-term CP intake regarding fat-free mass (FFM) (SMD 0.48, p Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis represents the first comprehensive investigation into the effects of long-term CP supplementation combined with regular physical training on various aspects of musculoskeletal health in adults. The findings indicate significant, though of low to moderate certainty, evidence of improvements in fat-free mass (FFM), tendon morphology, muscle mass, maximal strength, and recovery in reactive strength following exercise-induced muscle damage. However, further research is required to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects, particularly regarding tendon mechanical properties and short-term adaptations to collagen peptide (CP) intake without exercise, as observed in recovery outcomes. Overall, CP supplementation appears promising as a beneficial adjunct to physical training for enhancing musculoskeletal performance in adults. Open Science Framework (Registration DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WCF4Y ).

Previous studies have advocated that collagen peptide supplementation (CPS) can positively affect cardiovascular health. However, the widespread impact of CPS on CVD-related markers is not fully resolved. Consequently, the current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of CPS on CVD-related markers. A systematic search in the Scopus, PubMed and ISI Web of Science databases were completed to identify relevant randomised, placebo-controlled trials (RCT) published up to November 2021. Mean Differences were pooled using a random-effects model, while publication bias, sensitivity analyses and heterogeneity were assessed using previously validated methods. Twelve RCT, comprising of a total of eleven measured markers, were selected for the quantitative analysis. Pooled data revealed that CPS significantly decreased fat mass (-1·21 kg; 95 % CI: -2·13, -0·29; I 2 = 0·0 %; P = 0·010) and increased fat-free mass, based on body mass percentage (1·49 %; 95 % CI: 0·57, 2·42; I 2 = 0·0 %; P = 0·002). Moreover, collagen peptide supplementation led to a significant decrease in serum LDL (-4·09 mg/dl; 95 % CI: -8·13, -0·04; I 2 = 93·4 %; P = 0·048) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (-5·04 mmHg; 95 % CI: -9·22, -0·85; I 2 = 98·9 %; P = 0·018). Our analysis also indicated that CPS did not affect glycemic markers. Our outcomes indicate that CPS reduces fat mass, LDL and SBP while increasing fat-free mass. Future investigations with longer CPS duration are needed to expand on our results.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential applications of low-molecular-weight collagen peptides (LMWCPs), produced through enzymatic hydrolysis of fish skin-derived gelatin using a specific protease. LMWCP is enriched in Gly-X-Y tripeptide sequences, particularly Gly-Pro-Hyp (GPH). Preliminary human pharmacokinetic data showed that oral LMWCP markedly increased systemic exposure to GPH, yielding an approximately 54-fold higher area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 2 h (3388 ± 1084 ng·h/mL) than general collagen. In a subsequent randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 114 women aged 20-50 years with thigh cellulite and self-reported hair thinning received either LMWCP (1000 mg/day) or placebo for 24 weeks. Efficacy endpoints included cellulite severity, dermal-subcutaneous border length, skin roughness, skin elasticity, and hair diameter. The LMWCP group demonstrated significant improvements in cellulite severity, dermal-subcutaneous border length, skin roughness, and skin elasticity at weeks 12 and 24 compared to the placebo group. Hair diameter also increased significantly at week 24, with a larger proportion of participants in the LMWCP group exhibiting measurable hair thickening. These findings indicate that LMWCP, characterized by high GPH content and enhanced systemic exposure resulting from targeted enzymatic hydrolysis, exerts beneficial effects on both skin and hair parameters. Daily intake of LMWCP for 24 weeks effectively reduces thigh cellulite and promotes hair thickness, supporting its potential as an orally administered functional ingredient for skin and hair health.

Background Menisci, one of the most important anatomical structures of the knee joint, plays a role in load transfer, stability, shock absorption, prevention of articular cartilage degeneration, and proprioception. Type I collagen, the main component of the meniscus, and type II collagen fibers play an important role in the stability of the knee joint. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Naturagen® 4 Joint product containing type I, II, and III collagen on pain, quality of life, and physical functions in patients with meniscopathy. Methods This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study included 32 patients (collagen = 17 and placebo = 15) with meniscopathy. Patients completed the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthrtis Index (WOMAC), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Foot Function Index (FFI), proprioceptive sensation, Timed Up and Go (TUG), 6-Minute Walking Test (6MWT), The Five Repetition Sit to Stand Test (5STS), Stair Climbing Test (SCT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and back and leg strength tests and scales were applied. All tests were repeated before and after eight weeks of collagen supplementation. Results The study showed that eight weeks of supplementation with various collagen types had statistically significant effects on pain, quality of life, kinesiophobia, and foot function scale scores in patients with meniscopathy (p 0.05). Conclusions The results of the study showed that the eight-week collagen-based supplement had a positive effect on pain and quality of life levels and some functional test results in patients with meniscopathy. Longer-term studies and diversification of subject groups will help to understand better the effects of the product on meniscal tears and symptoms. Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered in the Iranian Clinical Trials Registry on 14/05/2024 with the number IRCT20240411061470N2.

Background Different collagen hydrolysate sources have reduced fasting glucose concentrations. Although porcine-derived collagen hydrolysate predicts in vitro the highest potency for improving glucose metabolism, these effects have not been studied in humans. Aim To evaluate the effects of porcine-derived collagen hydrolysate on continuously monitored glucose concentrations in real-life conditions in individuals with overweight/obesity. Additionally, postprandial responses following a mixed meal test were examined. Methods Fifty-six men and women participated in this randomized placebo-controlled parallel trial. After a two-week run-in period, participants consumed daily for four weeks 10 g porcine-derived collagen hydrolysate or placebo (erythritol). The primary outcome parameter was the interstitial glucose area under the curve (AUC) during daytime (07:00 to 22:00) measured during three consecutive days. In addition, glycemic variability (GV) was quantified. For this, a continuous glucose monitor (Freestyle Libre ProiQ, Wiesbaden, Germany) was used at the end of the run-in and intervention periods. Postprandial glucose, insulin, and triacylglycerol concentrations were also evaluated after a mixed meal tolerance test. Furthermore, fasting glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA of β-cell function (HOMA-β), and triacylglycerol changes were analyzed. Physical activity profiles and dietary intakes were monitored to exclude confounding by these lifestyle factors. Results Collagen hydrolysate consumption did not significantly affect daytime interstitial glucose AUC concentrations (95%CI for the effect size: -5.1, 30.0 mmol/(L∗h); p-value = 0.159), but increased several GV metrics: standard deviation (95%CI: 0.0, 0.2 mmol/L; p-value = 0.011), continuous overall net glycemic action (CONGA-4) (95%CI: 0.1, 0.4 mmol/L; p-value = 0.015), coefficient of variation (95%CI: 0.1, 3.0 %; p-value = 0.036), M-value (95%CI: 0.2, 1.8; p-value = 0.036), and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) (95%CI: 0.2, 1.8 mmol/L; p-value = 0.036). Furthermore, the postprandial glucose AUC after the mixed meal test significantly increased (95%CI: 0, 103 mmol/L∗4-h; p-value = 0.049), as well as fasting insulin concentrations (p-value = 0.005), HOMA-IR (p-value = 0.008), and HOMA-β (p-value = 0.009). Other parameters, anthropometrics, physical activity, and energy/nutrient intakes were not significantly changed. Conclusion Four-week collagen hydrolysate intake did not change free-living glucose concentrations, but increased GV, postprandial glucose AUC, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β. However, these changes were small with limited clinical relevance. Therefore, it can be concluded that this porcine-derived collagen hydrolysate does not improve glucose metabolism or other cardiometabolic risk markers. Clinical trial registration This clinical trial was registered in November 2021 as NCT05282641.

It is widely recognized that dietary polyphenols have a strong tendency to interact with proteins, specifically those rich in proline residues. So far, the impact of a matrix rich in polyphenols, like coffee, on the bioavailability of amino acids (AAs) and bioactive peptides (BAPs) from collagen hydrolysates (CH) has not been elucidated. This study aimed to compare the bioavailability of the signature AAs and BAPs from bovine CH dissolved in coffee in healthy human volunteers. The clinical trial was carried out as randomized, cross-over design. CH were dissolved in water or coffee, respectively, and provided as single dose in a fasting state. The uptake of the CH signature AAs hydroxyproline (Hyp), glycine (Gly) and proline (Pro) and BAPs (Pro-Hyp, Hyp-Gly, Gly-Pro-Hyp) into the bloodstream was followed over a period of 360 min. Plasma concentrations were determined with UPLC-MS/MS. The peak concentrations of the free signature AAs after intake of CH dissolved in water occurred between 60 and 120 min. Notably, there were significant variations in the increase of plasma concentrations over time of Hyp and Pro when CH was dissolved in coffee. However, when considering the uptake of BAPs, the pharmacokinetic endpoints iAUC, ΔC max , and T max demonstrated similarity between water and coffee. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding how different food matrices, such as water vs. coffee, affect the absorption of bioactive compounds from dietary sources, in this case from CH. Ongoing research aims to explore the connection between food matrices, BAPs and human health with the goal of optimizing dietary interventions for promoting overall well-being.

Purpose This study investigated whether 16 wk of daily collagen peptide (CP) supplementation affect muscle and tendon stiffness and explosive muscle strength. Methods Fifty healthy young sedentary males were randomly assigned to either the CP ( n = 25) or the placebo (PLA) ( n = 25) group in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Participants consumed a beverage containing 10 g of CP or PLA daily for 16 wk. Before and after the intervention, the cross-sectional area of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and Achilles tendon was measured using magnetic resonance imaging, and their stiffness was assessed using ultrasound shear wave elastography. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque and rate of torque development (RTD) of ankle plantar flexion were also measured. Results The CP group exhibited significant increases in MG stiffness ( P Conclusions Daily CP supplementation increases both muscle and tendon stiffness in healthy young males. The enhancement of muscle stiffness appears to contribute to improved explosive muscle strength. These findings suggest that CP supplementation may serve as an effective nutritional intervention for modifying muscle mechanical properties and potentially enhancing athletic performance, particularly in activities requiring rapid force production.

This study examined whether supplementation with collagen peptides (CP) affects appetite and post-exercise energy intake in healthy active females. In this randomised, double-blind cross-over study, fifteen healthy females (23 (sd 3) years) consumed 15 g/d of CP or a taste matched non-energy control (CON) for 7 d. On day 7, participants cycled for 45 min at ∼55 % W max , before consuming the final supplement. Sixty-min post supplementation an ad libitum meal was provided, and energy intake recorded. Subjective appetite sensations were measured daily for 6 d (pre- and 30 min post-supplement) and pre (0 min) to 280 min post-exercise on day 7. Blood glucose and hormone concentrations (total ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (sDPP-4), leptin, and insulin) were measured fasted at baseline (day 0), then pre-breakfast (0 min), post-exercise (100 min), post-supplement (115, 130, 145, 160 min) and post-meal (220, 280 min) on day 7. Ad libitum energy intake was ∼10 % (∼41 kcal) lower in the CP trial ( P = 0·037). There was no difference in gastrointestinal symptoms or subjective appetite sensations throughout the trial ( P ≥ 0·412). Total plasma GLP-1 (AUC, CON: 6369 (sd 2330); CP: 9064 (sd 3021) pmol/l; P P P ≤ 0·032). PYY, CCK and glucose were not different between CP and placebo ( P ≥ 0·100). CP supplementation following exercise increased GLP-1 and insulin concentrations and reduced ad libitum energy intake at a subsequent meal in physically active females.

Skin aging, a multifactorial process influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, manifests as wrinkles, dryness, reduced elasticity, and altered pore structure. Despite the promising anti-aging effects of low-molecular-weight collagen peptides (LMWCPs), heterogeneity in clinical trial designs poses limitations in fully elucidating their comprehensive efficacy. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of collagen peptide NS (CPNS), a functional food, in improving the biophysical properties related to skin structure and moisture in healthy adults. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 70 healthy adults received either test product (1,650 mg/day, including 74.25 mg of the functional peptide, Gly-Pro) or a placebo for 8 weeks, followed by a 2-week washout. Skin parameters were measured using high-precision dermatological devices and expert visual assessments at five time points.The test group showed significant improvements in wrinkle depth, height, and visual severity scores across multiple facial regions. Skin elasticity (R2, R5, and R7), surface and deep skin hydration, as well as dermal density were markedly enhanced. Reductions in the pore number, area, depth, and volume, accompanied by decreased sebum secretion, suggested pore-tightening effects. During the 2-week discontinuation period of test product, significant effects were maintained, and throughout the study duration, no adverse events were reported. Oral administration of test product confers multifaceted benefits to skin health and represents a safe and efficacious functional ingredient to mitigate the visible signs of skin aging.

In vitro and animal studies have shown promising effects of collagen hydrolysate on blood pressure (BP), serum lipid profiles, and plasma concentrations of endothelial and inflammatory markers. Therefore, we evaluated in humans the effects of a porcine-derived collagen hydrolysates on office and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) profiles, retinal microvascular calibers, serum lipids, markers for endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation. Given a possible link between peripheral vascular and brain vascular function, effects on cognitive performance were also explored. Therefore, in this randomized, placebo-controlled parallel trial, 56 middle-aged and older adults with overweight/obesity consumed 10 g porcine-derived collagen hydrolysates or placebo (erythritol) daily for four weeks after a 2-week run-in period. Measurements were performed at the end of the run-in and intervention periods. Collagen hydrolysates consumption did not significantly affect office systolic BP (SBP) (-1 mmHg, 95% CI: -3, 2; p = 0.529), or diastolic BP (DBP) (-1 mmHg, 95% CI: -2, 1; p = 0.449), nor 24-hour SBP (0 mmHg, 95% CI: -4, 4; p = 0.884) or DBP (-2 mmHg, 95% CI: -5, 1; p = 0.195). No significant changes were observed in mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, nocturnal BP dipping, retinal microvascular calibers, serum lipids, and markers for endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation. Cognitive performance remained unaffected, except for an unexpected increase in movement reaction time (29 ms, 95% CI: 553; p = 0.019). In conclusion, four-week porcine-derived collagen hydrolysate supplementation did not improve cardiometabolic risk markers and cognitive performance in middle-aged and older adults with overweight or obesity. This clinical trial was registered in November 2021 at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT05282641.

Purpose This study aimed to assess the effect of ingesting a single bolus of hydrolyzed collagen or free amino acids on myofibrillar and muscle connective protein synthesis rates. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, parallel design, 45 young male ( n = 21) and female ( n = 24) adults (age, 23 ± 3 yr; BMI, 22.3 ± 2.2 kg·m -2 ) received intravenous infusions with L-[ ring - 13 C 6 ]-phenylalanine. After unilateral resistance exercise, participants ingested either 30 g hydrolyzed collagen (COLL, n = 15), 30 g free amino acids reflecting the collagen amino acid profile (AA, n = 15), or a noncaloric placebo (PLA, n = 15). Blood and muscle tissue samples were collected over 6 h to assess myofibrillar and muscle connective protein synthesis rates and associated signaling responses. Results Both collagen and free amino acid ingestion substantially increased circulating plasma amino acids concentrations and affected collagen turnover proteins. Collagen and free amino acid ingestion did not significantly increase myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in the rested (0.039 ± 0.011, 0.037 ± 0.010, and 0.036 ± 0.015%·h -1 in PLA, COLL, and AA, respectively) or the exercised (0.049 ± 0.010, 0.048 ± 0.011, and 0.045 ± 0.013%·h -1 ) leg ( P > 0.05). Similarly, both collagen and free amino acid ingestion did not significantly increase muscle connective protein synthesis rates in the rested (0.065 ± 0.014, 0.063 ± 0.017, and 0.061 ± 0.025%·h -1 in PLA, COLL, and AA, respectively) or the exercised (0.098 ± 0.023, 0.092 ± 0.028, and 0.085 ± 0.024%·h -1 ) leg ( P > 0.05). Conclusions The ingestion of a single bolus of collagen hydrolysate or free amino acids substantially increases circulating amino acids concentrations, particularly glycine, but does not further increase myofibrillar or muscle connective protein synthesis rates at rest or during recovery from exercise in healthy, recreationally active young men and women.

Introduction Protein supplementation increases postexercise muscle protein synthesis rates and, as such, supports exercise-induced muscle conditioning. Collagen protein has been suggested as the preferred protein source to stimulate muscle connective protein synthesis rates during recovery from exercise. Here we assessed the effects of hydrolyzed collagen peptide supplementation on both myofibrillar as well as muscle connective protein synthesis rates during 1 wk of strenuous resistance exercise training. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, parallel design, 25 young men (24 ± 3 yr, 76.9 ± 6.4 kg) were selected to perform 1 wk of intense resistance-type exercise training. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups receiving either 15 g hydrolyzed collagen peptides (COL) or a noncaloric placebo (PLA) twice daily during the intervention. Subjects were administered deuterated water ( 2 H 2 O) daily, with blood and skeletal muscle tissue samples being collected before and after the intervention to determine daily myofibrillar and muscle connective protein synthesis rates. Results Post-absorptive plasma glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline concentrations increased following collagen peptide supplementation ( P 0.05). Conclusions Collagen peptide supplementation (2 × 15 g daily) does not increase myofibrillar or muscle connective protein synthesis rates during 1 wk of intense resistance exercise training in young, recreational athletes.

Background A healthy skin provides protection against intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Skin aging is characterized by structural and morphological alterations affecting skin health, integrity, and functionality, resulting in visible aging signs. Aim The primary objective of this study was to assess the effect of a collagen peptide dietary supplement on skin aging in the East Asian population. Methods Eighty-five healthy women, aged from 43 to 65 years old, were randomly assigned to the collagen supplement (CP, 5 g) or placebo (maltodextrin, 5 g) group. To standardize daily skin care, the volunteers in both groups used a specific face cream for 28 days prior to and throughout the supplementation period, creating an equal baseline for the assessment of the efficacy of CP on several skin parameters. At baseline, day 28 and day 84, the following hallmarks of skin and nail aging were assessed: dermis density, skin moisture and elasticity, wrinkle visibility, beauty perception, and nail color. Results After 84 days, a significant improvement of dermis density and skin moisture was observed in the collagen peptides group compared to the placebo group. Positive effects on skin elasticity, wrinkle visibility, nail color, and overall beauty perception were already observed within 28 days of supplementation in the CP group, while the same effects in the placebo group were only observed after 84 days. Conclusion Taken together, these results show that, in addition to a standardized skin care, daily supplementation with 5 g of collagen peptides positively affects visible signs of skin and nail aging in the East Asian population.

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Naturagen® 4 Joint product, containing type 1, 2, and 3 collagen, on pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA) and to evaluate its effects on quality of life and physical functioning. Patients and methods This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study included a total of 31 patients (8 males, 23 females; mean age: 53.5±9.1 years; range, 35 to 65 years) with Grade 2-3 OA according to the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) classification system between June 2023 and November 2023. The patients were divided into two groups: a collagen group (n=16) and a placebo group (n=15). The Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS-PS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), Foot Function Index (FFI), Timed Up and Go (TUG), 6-Min Walking Test (6MWT), Five Repetition Sit to Stand Test (5STS), Stair Climbing Test (SCT), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were used. All tests were performed before and after eight weeks of collagen supplementation. Results Eight weeks of collagen supplementation yielded notable enhancements across all osteoarthritis-related pain and quality of life scales evaluated, including VAS, WOMAC, KOOS-PS, OKS, TSK, SF-12, and FFI scores (p 0.05). Conclusion Our study results suggest that the eight-week collagen-based supplement exerts a favorable effect on pain and quality of life levels, as well as some functional test results.

Background Consuming collagen hydrolysate (CH) may improve symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD); however, its acute effects have not been compared to dairy protein (DP), the most commonly consumed form of protein supplement. Therefore, this study compared the effects of CH and DP on recovery from EIMD. Methods Thirty-three males consumed either CH ( n = 11) or DP ( n = 11), containing 25 g of protein, or an isoenergetic placebo ( n = 11) immediately post-exercise and once daily for three days. Indices of EIMD were measured before and 30 min and 24, 48, and 72 h after 30 min of downhill running on a -15% slope at 80% of VO 2max speed. Results Downhill running induced significant EIMD, with time effects (all p p > 0.05) were observed for any of the outcome measures. Conclusions These findings suggest that the post-exercise consumption of CH or DP does not improve indices of EIMD during the acute recovery period in recreationally active males.

Collagen hydrolysate, which contains bioactive peptides, is used as a dietary supplement for the refinement of elasticity, hydration, desquamation, and wrinkling of aging human skin. Here, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled oral administration study on the effects of a collagen peptide (CPNS) containing dipeptides, including Gly-Pro and Pro-Hyp, on skin wrinkling, desquamation, elasticity, and hydration. Our results show that an intake of 1650 mg per day of CPNS for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on skin health in a cohort of women aged from 30 to 60 years ( n = 100). Compared with the placebo group, skin desquamation, hydration, skin wrinkling, and elasticity were significantly improved after 4, 4, 12, and 12 weeks of administration, respectively. In a safety test of CPNS ingestion, none of the participants showed any side effects during the clinical study period. These results demonstrate that the low molecular weight bioactive peptides contained in CPNS, such as Gly-Pro and Pro-Hyp, exert positive effects on skin hydration, elasticity, desquamation, and wrinkling.

Objective This study aims to evaluate the effects of Fish Collagen Peptide Nutritional Combination (FCPNC) on facial skin rejuvenation and biochemical indicators, including body mass index (BMI), blood lipids, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and bone mineral density in participants. Methods This study involved 29 female participants aged 20-55 years, who consumed FCPNC daily for 90 days. Facial skin changes, including wrinkle percentage, pigmentation area, skin hydration, and elasticity, were assessed before and after the intervention. Additionally, BMI, blood tests, and bone mineral density were measured on Day 0 and Day 90. Participants completed questionnaires on skin, nails, hair, and product satisfaction at Days 30, 60, and 90. Results After 30, 60, and 90 days, participants exhibited significant improvements in skin hydration, elasticity, and a reduction in wrinkle area percentage. This nutritional combination not only improved skin health but also yielded systemic benefits, including normalizing BMI in 58.33% of overweight participants. SOD activity increased by 31.03%, reflecting enhanced antioxidant capacity. Additionally, calcium levels rose by 48.28%, suggesting potential bone health benefits. Satisfaction surveys revealed increasing positive feedback, with 93% of participants rating the product favorably by the study's conclusion (score ≥ 4). Conclusions These findings suggest that FCPNC may positively influence skin health and overall health status, emphasizing its potential as a functional food. However, further large-scale randomized controlled trials are necessary to validate these results.

Introduction Female distance runners are at elevated risk for impaired bone remodeling due to high mechanical loading, potential low energy availability, and sustained inflammatory stress. Collagen peptide (CP) supplementation has been proposed as a nutritional strategy to support type I collagen synthesis and modulate osteoimmune signaling; however, evidence in premenopausal endurance athletes is limited. This pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examined the effects of four weeks of high-dose CP supplementation on markers of bone metabolism and inflammatory activity in endurance-trained premenopausal women. Methods Twenty-two participants (18-35 years; ≥35 miles/week [>56km/week]) were randomized to CP (INT; 20 g/day) or isocaloric maltodextrin (CON). Pre- and post-intervention assessments, conducted in the early follicular phase, included serum procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), plasma C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1), serum soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (sRANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), the sRANKL/OPG ratio, and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Repeated-measures ANCOVAs were performed, adjusting for accumulated running distance and vitamin D status. Results A significant group × time interaction was observed for P1NP ( p = 0.04), with increases in INT and no change in CON. No significant interaction was observed for CTX-1 ( p = 0.13). Significant interactions were also observed for sRANKL ( p = 0.046) and IL-6 ( p = 0.03). No significant interaction effects were detected for sRANKL, OPG, or the sRANKL/OPG ratio. Discussion Short-term CP supplementation increased a marker of bone formation, altered osteoclast-related signaling, and reduced IL-6 in endurance-trained premenopausal women. These findings support the potential for CP-mediated modulation of bone turnover and inflammatory activity and warrant further investigation in larger, adequately powered trials incorporating structural bone outcomes.

Objective The extracellular matrix is essential for skeletal muscle function, providing structural support and facilitating force transmission from muscle fibers to tendons and the skeletal system. Collagen structures, known for their high plasticity, adapt to various stimuli, including mechanical loading during high-load resistance training. The present study aimed to assess the impact of specific collagen peptide (SCP) supplementation, combined with resistance training, on the levels of intramuscular collagen (COL) types I, III, and IV, and to assess the change in intramuscular fibroblast content. Methods In a randomized, placebo-controlled study, 29 healthy male participants completed 12-week high-load resistance training (70-85% of 1 repetition maximum) with daily supplementation of 15g of SCP or placebo (PLA). Before and after the intervention period, muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained to quantify intramuscular collagen amount and fibroblast density. Results SCP supplementation together with exercise led to increased (p = 0.026) collagen type I content (29.8%) compared to training with placebo (9.9%). Collagen types III and IV content increased significantly across the pooled sample (p Conclusion Endomysial collagen type I content increased in response to resistance training when supplemented with SCP compared to placebo. The observed increase in intramuscular collagen content may contribute to improved structural support of skeletal myofibers.

Addressing hair damage is essential for maintaining overall hair and scalp health. Previous studies have suggested that low-molecular-weight collagen peptides may support hair follicle biology through regulation of extracellular matrix homeostasis and cellular signaling pathways. In addition, recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that low-molecular-weight fish collagen peptides promote hair regrowth through activation of proliferative signaling and suppression of inhibitory pathways. However, their clinical efficacy in improving hair damage has not been clearly established. In this study, the efficacy and safety of low-molecular-weight collagen peptide GT (LMWCP GT) were evaluated in Korean adults with damaged hair. In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, individuals aged 19∼60 years without alopecia but with mild to moderate hair damage received LMWCP GT (3 g/day) for 24 weeks. Compared with placebo, the treatment group demonstrated significant improvements in hair gloss, as measured using a gloss meter (SAMBA) and scanning electron microscopy, as well as in hair elasticity, assessed by tensile strength and hair diameter. Subjective evaluations further indicated improvements in overall hair condition, including gloss, elasticity, thickness, texture, fullness, and appearance. In addition, scalp elasticity was significantly increased in the treatment group. No treatment-related adverse events were observed. These findings indicate that daily supplementation with LMWCP GT (3 g/day) for 24 weeks is safe and effective in improving overall hair condition in individuals with damaged hair without alopecia.

Background Collagen hydrolysates differ in molecular weight distribution and composition, which may influence gastrointestinal absorption and epithelial transport. Objective The objective of this study is to compare the digestion and absorption kinetics of an ultra-low molecular weight collagen with >45% di- and tripeptides (LMWCP; 500 Da) and a standard collagen hydrolysate (CP; 2,000-3,000 Da) using a Caco-2 cell model and an exploratory human study. Materials and methods A Caco-2 cell Transwell model was used to assess the apical-to-basolateral appearance of collagen-derived free amino acids over 240 minutes after in vitro digestion of the test products. Product characterization included quantification of free amino acids and selected hydroxyproline-containing di- and tripeptides. In parallel, an exploratory single-blind, parallel-group human study in 15 healthy male participants measured postprandial plasma free amino acid kinetics at 0, 15, 30, 120, and 240 minutes after ingestion of LMWCP, CP, or placebo. Results In both models, LMWCP showed faster early-phase kinetics than CP. In the Caco-2 model, collagen-derived amino acids appeared in the basolateral compartment within the first minutes and were highest during the first 30 minutes with LMWCP. In the human study, plasma glycine and proline/hydroxyproline peaked earlier after LMWCP group (30 minutes) compared to CP group (120 minutes). Conclusion Across both in vitro and in vivo models, ultra-low-molecular-weight collagen (LMWCP; 500 Da), with more than 45% di- and tripeptides, exhibited faster early-phase absorption kinetics, thereby enhancing early-phase bioavailability. Collagen-derived amino acids appeared across the epithelial layer within minutes and reached plasma peaks earlier, compared to a standard collagen hydrolysate. These findings suggest that LMWCP exhibits distinct, accelerated absorption kinetics compared to conventional collagen hydrolysates.

Background/objectives The oral administration of hydrolyzed collagen peptides is a scientifically validated intervention for enhancing skeletal muscle health and performance. This integrative review consolidates the evidence supporting the use of low molecular weight collagen peptides (2000-3500 daltons) for their superior bioavailability and absorption. Our objective was to review the effects of collagen peptide or hydrolyzed collagen supplementation on muscle damage, recovery, and construction related to physical exercise. Methods A bibliographic search was conducted in major English-language databases, including PubMed/Medline, using terms like "Peptides Collagen and Damage" and "collagen peptides AND Soreness Muscle". This review followed PRISMA guidelines, with bias risk assessed via the PEDro scale. The inclusion criteria were (a) randomized clinical trials, (b) randomized studies in humans with a control or placebo group, (c) studies assessing muscle damage or delayed onset muscle soreness via physiological markers or strength performance tests, and (d) studies using hydrolyzed collagen or collagen peptides. Results Initially, 752 articles were identified. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, including duplicate removal, eight articles with 286 participants were included. Of these, 130 participants received collagen peptide supplementation, while 171 received a placebo or control. Conclusion This integrative review supports the potential of collagen peptide supplementation to mitigate muscle stress from acute strenuous resistance training. However, due to the methodological heterogeneity among the studies, further clinical trials are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying muscle improvement with collagen supplementation.

The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the safety and efficacy of Nextida GC-B on glycemic control in adults with normoglycemia and prediabetes. The main question it aims to answer is: What is the difference in change in postprandial glycemic control from baseline at Day 90 between Nextida GC-B and placebo as assessed by glucose incremental AUC (iAUC 0-180 min). Dietary supplement intervention: Nextida GC-B: One liquid shot contains 5 g of collagen hydrolysate. OTHER: Placebo: One liquid shot contains non-active ingredients in Nextida GC-B (water, Erythritol, Citric Acid, DL-Malic Acid, Natural Apples Flavor, Steviol Glycosides).

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effects of 45 days daily administration of three different doses (2.5g, 5g, and 10g) of collagen peptide in healthy adults as compared to a Placebo on intestinal permeability following an acute aspirin challenge. The main question it aims to answer is change from Day 42 to Day 45 following an acute aspirin challenge (NSAID) between three different doses (2.5g, 5g, and 10g) of collagen peptide, respectively as compared to a Placebo on intestinal permeability measured by the urinary lactulose : mannitol ratio (test collected over a period of 5 hours). Dietary supplement intervention: AP GUT collagen peptides: AP GUT collagen peptides Dietary supplement intervention: Placebo: Placebo

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of two different collagen supplement formulations on pain, physical function, and overall quality of life in adults with knee osteoarthritis. Knee osteoarthritis is a common joint disease characterized by cartilage degeneration, which leads to chronic pain and reduced mobility. While collagen supplements are frequently used to support joint health, their clinical effectiveness is usually measured using traditional pain scales. However, osteoarthritis pain is complex and multidimensional, often involving different patterns (such as constant or intermittent pain) and central neurological sensitization. This study aims to use a holistic approach to understand how collagen supplements affect these complex pain experiences using comprehensive patient-reported outcome measures. Participants in this study will be adults between the ages of 35 and 65 who have been diagnosed with unilateral knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2 or 3). Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: Hydrolyzed Collagen Group: Participants will consume a daily sachet containing 10 grams of enzymatically hydrolyzed bovine collagen peptide. Bioactive Collagen Peptide Group: Participants will consume a daily sachet containing 5 grams of lower molecular weight bovine collagen peptide mixed with 5 grams of maltodextrin. Placebo Group: Participants will consume a daily sachet containing 10 grams of maltodextrin (with no active collagen or protein), matching the active supplements in taste, smell, and appearance. All participants will take their assigned supplement once daily for 8 weeks. To ensure unbiased results, the study is double-blind, meaning neither the participants nor the research staff evaluating the outcomes will know which group a participant is in. Researchers will assess the participants at the beginning of the study (baseline) and at the end of the 8-week intervention. Assessments will be conducted using various established questionnaires to measure joint stiffness, physical limitations, general quality of life, and specific pain patterns, including central sensitization. The study will be conducted at the Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic of Cesme Alper Cizgenakat State Hospital in Türkiye. By looking beyond traditional clinical scales, this research aims to provide a deeper understanding of how different collagen formulations can improve the daily lives and complex pain symptoms of patients living with knee osteoarthritis. Background and Rationale Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disorder characterized by progressive cartilage degeneration, chronic pain, and loss of function. While conservative management often includes dietary supplements such as hydrolyzed collagen and bioactive collagen peptides to support joint biology, clinical evaluations of these supplements are typically limited to traditional, unidimensional pain and function scales. Recent literature, however, emphasizes that OA pain is highly complex, involving peripheral nociceptive mechanisms, constant and intermittent pain patterns, and central neurological sensitization. Addressing a significant methodological gap in the literature, this study extends beyond standard scales by incorporating comprehensive Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) to capture the holistic pain experience, including central sensitization, in patients with knee OA. Study Procedures and Blinding This is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial. Following the baseline clinical and radiographic evaluation (Kellgren-Lawrence grading performed by an experienced orthopedic surgeon), eligible participants will be randomly allocated to one of three intervention arms using computer-assisted block randomization. To ensure strict quadruple blinding (participant, care provider, investigator, and outcomes assessor), allocation concealment will be achieved using independently coded, opaque packaging. The active interventions (two different collagen formulations) and the placebo (maltodextrin-based) will be formulated to be entirely identical in appearance, color, smell, taste, and volume. Intervention Administration and Monitoring Participants will be instructed to consume their assigned single-use sachet once daily between 13:00 and 15:00 for the entire 8-week intervention period. Patients will be advised to maintain their habitual physical activity levels throughout the study. Rescue analgesics are permitted if necessary for severe pain; however, the use of these medications must be strictly suspended at least 48 hours prior to any clinical evaluation session to avoid masking the outcomes. Adherence to the supplement regimen, rescue medication usage, and any potential adverse events will be continuously monitored via daily follow-up cards filled out by the participants. A minimum adherence rate of 95% is mandatory; participants failing to meet this threshold will be excluded from the final analysis. Sample Size and Statistical Analysis Plan An a priori power analysis was conducted using G\*Power software to determine the required sample size. Based on a Mixed-Design ANOVA model (group × time interaction) aiming for a moderate effect size (Cohen's f = 0.25), an alpha level of 0.05, and 80% statistical power, a minimum of 42 participants was required. To account for potential dropouts, a total of 45 patients (15 per group) will be enrolled. Statistical analyses will be executed using R software under a Per-Protocol (PP) framework. Data normality will be assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. A Mixed-Design ANOVA will be employed to evaluate the main effects and the group-by-time interactions. Significant interactions will be further analyzed with post-hoc pairwise comparisons utilizing the Bonferroni correction. Effect sizes will be reported using Cohen's d for pairwise comparisons and partial eta squared (reported as η²p) for variance analyses, along with corresponding lower and upper bounds (LB/UB). Statistical significance is set at p \< 0.05. Dietary supplement intervention: 10g Hydrolyzed Collagen: A single-use sachet containing 10 grams of enzymatically hydrolyzed bovine collagen peptide. To be dissolved in water and taken orally once daily for 8 weeks. Dietary supplement intervention: 5g Bioactive Collagen Peptide: A single-use sachet containing 5 grams of lower molecular weight bovine collagen peptide mixed with 5 grams of maltodextrin. To be dissolved in water and taken orally once daily for 8 weeks. OTHER: Placebo (Maltodextrin): A single-use sachet containing 10 grams of maltodextrin with no active ingredients, completely matching the active supplements in appearance, color, smell, and taste. To be taken orally once daily for 8 weeks.

Aim of the study is to investigate the postprandial response on blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, incretin response and gastric emptying after intake of collagen hydrolysate compared to placebo in normoglycemic and in prediabetic participants. This will be investigated in a cross-over randomized double-blind placebo controlled study design. In an exploratory part II, timing of intake of collagen hydrolysate in relation to the mixed meal will be investigated in a subgroup of 50% of the participants. Dietary supplement intervention: Collagen hydrolyzed peptides: Dissolved in flavoured water, single dose, 10 g OTHER: Placebo: Single dose

This randomized, double-blind, monocentric, five-way cross-over study aims to collect human serum and plasma samples at 1 and 2 hours after ingestion of hydrolyzed collagen peptides. The enriched sera will be used for ex vivo/ in vitro experiments on skin keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and other cell types to explore the beneficial effects of bioactive collagen peptides. Blood will also be analyzed for amino acid profiles and collagen-derived peptides. Dietary supplement intervention: Collagen hydrolysate 1: 10g single oral dose dissolved in water Dietary supplement intervention: Collagen hydrolysate 2: 10g single oral dose dissolved in water Dietary supplement intervention: Collagen hydrolysate 3: 10g single oral dose dissolved in water Dietary supplement intervention: Collagen hydrolysate 4: 10g single oral dose dissolved in water Dietary supplement intervention: Collagen hydrolysate 5: 10g single oral dose dissolved in water

This is a clinical trial aimed to investigate if a collagen supplement can improve quality of life, appetite and blood sugar in overweight and obese adults aged 18-65. Hypothesis: Consumption of a collagen supplement for 8 days will improve quality of life and improve glycaemic control in comparison with a placebo in individuals overweight or with obesity with a perceived low quality of life. Participants will be asked to: 1. Consume a collagen peptide supplement for a total of 8 days at a time 2. Fill in questionnaires about quality of life, appetite, mood and energy 3. Wear continuous glucose monitors Dietary supplement intervention: Collagen peptide supplement: 5 g of hydrolysed collagen peptide of bovine origin in powdered form. Taken twice daily for 8 days total. OTHER: Placebo: 5 g of maltodextrin in powdered form. Taken twice daily for 8 days total.

This study evaluates the safety and tolerability of three different doses (5 g, 10 g and 20 g) of a collagen powder in healthy adults over a 12-week period. This study evaluates the safety and tolerability of three different doses (5 g, 10 g and 20 g) of a collagen powder, each for 4-weeks in healthy adults over a 12-week period by measuring occurrence of adverse events, safety blood panel, vital signs, occurrence of common gastrointestinal symptom's and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale Dietary supplement intervention: H80: 5g, 10g \& 20g

To assess if oral intake of collagen peptide can improve skin conditions such as skin thickness, density and firmness. This is an one site, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial to assess the oral supplement of LISAVEI collagen peptide solid beverage on skin ageing improvement. Study product with collagen peptide and placebo product without collagen were randomly assigned to 90 eligible participants enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They took the assigned product once daily dissolved in 100 ml warm water for 12 weeks with 4-week regression phase(without intake of the test products), and visit the study site in Shanghai for four times(before starting the treatment, after 8 and 12 weeks, and 4 weeks after the last intake). Skin measurements including skin firmness, skin density, skin hydration and skin barrier were carried out at each visit with professional equipment and imaging system. Data were analyzed to validate if the administration of the test collagen peptide solid beverage will improve skin aging parameters such as firmness, thickness, density, hydration and skin barrier compared to placebo. The lasting effect was also observed by comparing between the two groups after 4-week regression time. Dietary supplement intervention: Active Comparator: LISAVEI collagen peptide solid beverage ( contain 5 g collagen peptide)，once daily for 12 weeks Dietary supplement intervention: Placebo Comparator: placebo solid beverage (Maltodextrin with edible flavor)，once daily for 12 weeks

Brief Summary The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether bioactive collagen peptide works as well as glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate for improving pain, stiffness, physical function, and quality of life in adults with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grades I to III). The main questions it aims to answer are: Does bioactive collagen peptide improve knee pain, stiffness, and physical function over 12 weeks? Does bioactive collagen peptide improve health-related quality of life? Is bioactive collagen peptide as safe and effective as glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate for treating knee osteoarthritis? Researchers will compare bioactive collagen peptide with glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate to determine whether one treatment provides greater improvement in symptoms and quality of life. Participants will: Be randomly assigned to receive either bioactive collagen peptide once daily or glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate twice daily for 12 weeks. Attend study visits at the start of the study and again at 6 and 12 weeks. Complete questionnaires about their knee pain, stiffness, physical function, and overall health-related quality of life at each visit. Be monitored for treatment adherence, use of rescue pain medication, and any side effects throughout the study. The information from this study may help healthcare providers better understand whether bioactive collagen peptide is an effective and safe non-surgical treatment option for people with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Knee osteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of chronic pain, disability, and reduced quality of life among adults. Current non-surgical management focuses primarily on symptom relief through exercise, weight management, physical therapy, and analgesic medications. Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain widely used, their long-term use may be limited by gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and renal adverse effects. As a result, there is increasing interest in nutraceutical therapies that may provide symptomatic relief with a more favorable safety profile. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate are among the most commonly used symptomatic slow-acting agents for osteoarthritis, although published evidence regarding their effectiveness remains inconsistent. Bioactive collagen peptides have emerged as a potential alternative treatment because they may support cartilage metabolism and reduce symptoms associated with osteoarthritis. However, direct comparative evidence between bioactive collagen peptides and glucosamine-chondroitin sulphate remains limited. This study is a prospective, single-center, open-label, parallel-group randomized controlled trial designed to compare the efficacy and safety of oral bioactive collagen peptide with oral glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate in adults with symptomatic Kellgren-Lawrence grade I to III knee osteoarthritis. Participants are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either oral bioactive collagen peptide or oral glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate for 12 weeks. Clinical assessments are performed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. The study evaluates changes in knee pain, stiffness, physical function, and health-related quality of life using validated patient-reported outcome measures, including the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Safety is evaluated throughout the study by monitoring adverse events, medication compliance, and the use of rescue analgesics. The primary objective is to determine whether bioactive collagen peptide provides clinical improvement comparable to glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate in reducing symptoms and improving function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Secondary objectives include evaluating changes in health-related quality of life and comparing the safety and tolerability of both treatment strategies. The findings of this study will provide comparative evidence regarding two commonly prescribed oral nutraceutical therapies for knee osteoarthritis and may help inform evidence-based conservative management of patients with early and moderate disease. Dietary supplement intervention: Bioactive Collagen Peptide: Participants assigned to this intervention receive oral bioactive collagen peptide (Movgen®), containing fish collagen 4,000 mg and Curcuma longa extract 250 mg. The supplement is administered orally at a dose of 8 g once daily for 12 weeks as conservative treatment for symptomatic Kellgren-Lawrence grade I-III knee osteoarthritis. Dietary supplement intervention: Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulphate: Participants assigned to this intervention receive an oral combination of glucosamine sulphate and chondroitin sulphate (Gebon Plus®), containing glucosamine sulphate 400 mg, chondroitin sulphate 300 mg, methylsulfonylmethane 200 mg, hyaluronic acid 100 mg, Boswellia serrata extract 40 mg, Smilax chinensis extract 30 mg, and Curcuma longa extract 30 mg. The supplement is administered orally twice daily for 12 weeks as conservative treatment for symptomatic Kellgren-Lawrence grade I-III knee osteoarthritis.

To investigate the effect of two different dosages collagen hydrolysate (CH) on postprandial blood glucose and insulin profile in prediabetic and normo-glycaemic subjects.This will be investigated in a cross-over randomized double-blind placebo controlled study design. Dietary supplement intervention: Collagen hydrolysate: Single dose OTHER: Placebo: Single dose

The effect of resistance training with post-exercise Collagen peptides (CP) supplementation on lean body mass, maximal and explosive, isometric muscle strength as well as fat mass, resting metabolism, health parameters and compared to resistance training alone will be evaluated in a group of untrained overweight male (30-60 yrs) population in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Participants will perform supervised resistance training involving (Leg press, pull down, chest press, back extension and abdominal crunches) 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Participants will consume either placebo or collagen peptides (in a double blinded study design) just following resistance training on training days (And approximately the same time of day on non-training days). Prior to, and following 12 weeks of exercise, participants will be tested in body composition, maximal and explosive, isometric muscle strength, resting metabolism, health parameters. Additionally, blood samples will be taken to ensure health and training eligibility and safety. Participants are healthy untrained overweight males (30-60 yrs) Dietary supplement intervention: Effect of collagen peptides, in combination with resistance training, on body composition and muscle strength compared to placebo in untrained men: The effects of collagen peptide consumption in combination with resistance training will be tested Dietary supplement intervention: Placebo Control intervention: Effect of resistance training in combination with placebo (silicon dioxide), on body composition and muscle strength in untrained men: The effects of placebo consumption in combination with resistance training will be tested

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Hydrolyzed collagen peptides on joint pain, stiffness and physical function in adults with osteoarthritis who have complaints on knee joints together with hip and ankles. The assessment of improvements on volunteers' quality of life, and safety and tolerability of the product is the other objective of this placebo-controlled, randomized study. Dietary supplement intervention: Hydrolyzed Collagen Peptide: Dietary Hydrolized Collagen Peptide sourced from bovine

This is a placebo-controlled study conducted to investigates the safety and efficacy of products containing marine collagen peptide and CoQ10 in enhancing skin rejuvenation of Malaysian women. The study duration is 28 days and the skin assessment will be carried out at baseline, Day 14 and Day 28.The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. The effect of product on skin hydration of women in Malaysia. 2. The effect of product on skin elasticity of women in Malaysia. 3. The effect of product on skin wrinkle of women in Malaysia. 4. The skin brightening effect of product on Malaysian women. 5. To observe any adverse effect occurrence with the consumption of the product. OTHER: Placebo: Product doesn't have active ingredients i.e. marine collagen peptide and Coenzyme Q10. OTHER: Product containing marine collagen peptide and Coenzyme Q10.: Product containing marine collagen peptide and Coenzyme Q10.

The effects of a 10g/day collagen hydrolysate for a period of 4 weeks on glycemic control and cardiovascular health in a parallel design study using overweight/ obese men and women who are likely to have a disturbed lipid and glucose metabolism and increased risk to develop cardiovascular disease and/or Type- 2 diabetes. Food-derived bioactive peptides represent a source of health-enhancing components that have been reported to have cardiovascular health benefits in humans and may be incorporated in functional foods. Up till now studies using collagen hydrolysates particularly addressed issues around joint health, however, there are some preliminary indications that other health-related targets might be affected as well. We here propose to focus on the potential effects of collagen hydrolysates on glycemic control, and characteristics of the microcirculation, both important parameters for the assessment of future cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Dietary supplement intervention: 10 g of collagen hydrolysate: Before breakfast, participants consume 1 sachet every day for 4 weeks. The sachet contains 10-gram collagen protein hydrolysates + 5-gram erythritol and it has to be dissolved in 250 ml of water. Dietary supplement intervention: Placebo: Before breakfast, participants consume 1 sachet every day for 4 weeks. The sachet contains 5-gram erythritol (placebo) and has to be dissolved in 250 ml of water.

The aim of the study is to investigate the acute and short-term effects of collagen peptides (Collagen Peptan) on muscle and connective tissue during an eccentric overload training period. Currently, all studies investigating the effects of post-exercise collagen supplementation did this in the absence of whey proteins, which are part of the standard recommendations for post-exercise recovery. The investigators will therefore investigate whether the combined intake of whey proteins and collagen peptides ensures a better recovery of exercise performance and whether it can prevent or reduce symptoms of muscle and tendon overload during a three-week eccentric overload training period (n = 22). Dietary supplement intervention: whey protein: Daily 45g of whey protein supplementation during a three week eccentric training period Dietary supplement intervention: whey protein + collagen peptide: Daily 15g of whey protein and 20g collagen peptide supplementation during a three week eccentric training period

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorders leading to dementia. Currently, there has been no effective drugs targeting this disease. Functional food is considered as a potentially non-pharmacologic treatment. In this project, the investigators aim to investigate the effectiveness of a mixed functional food with main compositions of ginsenoside, green tea polyphenols and marine collagen peptide on cognition for individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Taking the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled method, participants in the functional food group will take mixed functional foods for three months and those in the placebo group will take placebo. After that, the investigators will investigate the changes of cognitive function. Furthermore, based on the neuroimaging technique, the regulatory mechanism of functional food in intervening SCD will be revealed from the perspective of altered brain functional activity. In conclusion, these results are beneficial for understanding the therapeutic effect of mixed functional foods as a non-drug treatment for early AD and further elucidating the potential brain mechanism, which are of great values in solving scientific and clinical practice issues. Currently, there has been no effective therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Functional food is now considered as a potentially non-pharmacologic intervention and supplementation of functional food may positively affect cognitive function for patients with AD. However, there are few existing studies involving the role of mixed functional foods with multiple compositions on cognition and neuroimaging biomarkers for subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Sixty participants with SCD will be recruited in this three-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Each group had thirty participants. Participants in the functional food group will take mixed functional foods for three months and those in the placebo group will take placebo. After that, the investigators will investigate the changes of memory measures, which is the primary outcome. Furthermore, based on the neuroimaging technique of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), the regulatory mechanism of mixed functional foods in intervening SCD will be revealed from the perspective of altered brain functional activity. In conclusion, these results are beneficial for understanding the therapeutic effect of mixed functional foods as a non-drug therapy for preclinical AD and further elucidating the potential brain mechanism, which are of great values in solving scientific and clinical practice issues. Dietary supplement intervention: Mixed functional foods supplementation: In this project, taking the method of random, double blindness and control, participants in the mixed functional foods group will take functional foods with main compositions of ginsenoside, green tea polyphenols and marine collagen peptide for three months. After that, neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging biomarkers will be compared between functional food group and placebo group. Dietary supplement intervention: Placebo: In this project, taking the method of random, double blindness and control, participants in the placebo group will take placebo for three months. After that, cognitive changes and neuroimaging biomarkers will be compared between functional food group and placebo group.

A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial to study the effects of chicken extract and collagen on join, bone and muscle functions in comparison to an active comparator glucosamine Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, which entails the destruction of knee cartilage and remodeling of the adjacent bone, is one of the leading causes of disability among elderly adults. Consequences of severe knee OA, including loss of mobility and limited daily activities, affect individuals and society economically. The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Burden of Disease Study, conducted in 21 epidemiological regions worldwide, reported a 26.6% increase in the burden of knee OA from 1990 to 2010. Current therapies for OA include various over the counter analgesics, a number of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), intra-articular injections of corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid, plus tramadol and other opioid analgesics to relieve severe pain. , While these therapies can alleviate symptoms in the near term, their ultimate impact on the pathophysiologic progression of OA is limited. In addition, there are considerable side effects associated with the use of these drugs. Total joint replacement is typically the final and only effective solution for relieving pain and disability. As a result, OA sufferers always turn to natural nutraceuticals to ease their pain and discomfort. These products are commonly used because they are well tolerated and considered safe. Nutraceuticals are defined as functional foods, natural products, or parts of food that provide medicinal, therapeutic, or health benefits, including the prevention or treatment of disease. Currently, glucosamine and chondroitin are the two most commonly used nutraceuticals in humans to alleviate pain associated with arthritis. However, recent randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis of these supplements have shown only small-to-moderate symptomatic efficacy in OA. It therefore seems appropriate to explore other natural supplements/ingredients. There is growing interest in hydrolyzed collagen (or collagen hydrolysate \[CH\]) as a nutraceutical supplement because collagen-derived peptides harbor a variety of interesting biological properties. CH has been found to down-regulate inflammatory markers involved in joint inflammation and cartilage degradation such as interleukins (ILs), IL-6, IL-7, IL-9 and IL-12 as well as monocyte-chemoattractant-1 (MCP-1) in chondrocytes induced with IL-1 beta. In addition, CH reduces bone resorption in an in vitro model for regulation of osteoclastic differentiation and bone resorption by RANKL system (unpublished data). CH has received considerable attention in relieving OA-associated symptoms. The hypothesis of how CH may reduce OA-associated symptoms includes providing bioavailable substrate (building blocks) for the collagen fibrillar network, which provides tensile strength for the matrix of articular cartilage. Oesser et al. in a series of preclinical studies, demonstrated that CH passes across the mucosal barrier in the small bowel as a complete peptide that is no longer subject to enzymatic cleavage, accumulates in cartilage tissue, and stimulates production of type II collagen (the major protein in articular cartilage) and proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix of cartilage. , , In addition to these preclinical studies, open label, comparative, and prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials and experimental findings have been published, with several studies providing evidence of a beneficial effect on measurements of joint health from the administration of collagen hydrolysate in a variety of patient populations, mostly OA patients. , , , , , CH per day for 3 months produced an improvement in joint health or function, such as reduction in pain,11,12,14 decreased dependency on pain medications,14 and improvement in leg strength.16 Given these observations, the investigators develop a supplementation of chicken essence with additive of CH-Brands Essence of Chicken plus CH (BEC-CH). The CH is derived from chicken cartilage. It is a soluble naturally occurring matrix of hydrolyzed collagen type II, chondroitin sulfate, and hyaluronic acid. The composition is similar to that of the human articular cartilage lining found in the synovial joints. Regarding BEC, it has been consumed for decades as a health tonic for energy boosting and fatigue recovery. In fact, BEC supplementation has been clinically proven to accelerate the recovery from exercise by increasing the rate of clearance of plasma lactate and ammonia and hence reduces muscle fatigue. However, all of these data are based on supplementation of either BEC of CH per se in clinical or in in vitro settings. Thus, it is crucial to investigate the efficacy of both BEC and CH when taken in combination on joint, bone, and muscle function. To answer these questions and to investigate its tolerability and efficacy, this randomized, double-blind, four-arm pilot study is thus carried out. It is hypothesized that supplementation with BEC-CH might relieve joint discomfort, restore joint function, and also be beneficial to bone and muscle. Dietary supplement intervention: Collagen hydrolysate and chicken extract: One bottle (68mL) of collagen hydrolysate (2g) in chicken extract taken daily in the morning after meal for 24 weeks

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2-arm, parallel group clinical trial is designed to evaluate the impact of the regular consumption of collagen peptides on the clinical signs of gingival and periodontal inflammation in a cohort of patients suffering from periodontal disease. The positive influence of the regular consumption of bioactive collagen peptides on connective tissue and skin physiology has already been documented by several clinical trials. Preliminary data of an observational clinical trial involving periodontitis patients suggest that the adjunctive consumption of bio-active collagen peptides may also improve the outcome of established periodontitis therapy comprising the professional mechanical removal of disease-associated bacterial biofilms from exposed root surfaces. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2-arm, parallel group clinical trial is designed to evaluate the impact of the regular, 3-month consumption of collagen peptides on clinical and microbiological parameter of periodontal health in a cohort of periodontal recall patients with the following endpoints: Primary Endpoint: Change in the percentage of periodontal pockets being positive for bleeding on probing (BoP) after the consumption of the collagen peptides in comparison to the consumption of a placebo product Secondary Endpoints: 1. changes in probing pocket depth (PPD) 2. changes in clinical attachment level (CAL) 3. changes in the periodontal inflammatory load as assessed by the calculation of the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) index 4. changes in Gingival Index (GI) scores 5. changes in Plaque Control Record (PCR) scores 6. changes in Plaque Index scores 7. changes in the composition of the sulcular/pocket microbiota 8. changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota Examiner calibration is performed before the onset of the trial and is repeated in 8 weeks intervals throughout the trial. Sample Size Calculation As this is the first controlled clinical trial evaluating the impact of collagen peptide consumption on the extent of periodontal inflammation, sample size calculation is based on substitute data from preceding studies demonstrating an increase in tissue healing by up to 30%. With a given difference of 30% reduction in the number of bleeding periodontal pockets (BoP) and an assumed standard deviation of 30% , sample size calculation resulted in a minimum of 19 subjects per group in order to be able to statistically verify differences with a power of 80%, and p\<0.05. Chi-square-test with maximum likelihood method will be used for the analysis of categorical variables, Mann-Whitney U-test will be used for the analysis of independent samples, and Wilcoxon signed rank test for the analysis of paired samples. The level of significance will be set to p≤0.05. Study patients will be recruited from periodontitis patients seeking routine periodontal maintenance care comprising professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) at the Dept. of Periodontology of the University Hospital Wuerzburg. At baseline prior to the performance of PMPR all above-mentioned study parameters will be recorded. Subsequently the study participants will be randomly assigned to the experimental groups (test/placebo) and a supply of the assigned product (test/placebo) will be given to them with the instruction to consume it 1 x daily for the 3-month duration of the trial. At 2 months (visit 2) and at 3 months (end of study) after the baseline examination all clinical and microbiological parameters will be reassessed. Dietary supplement intervention: collagen peptide test: Collagen peptides from bovine skin with an average molecular weight of approx. 2,000 g/mol. Average particle size is about 150 μm. Dietary supplement intervention: collagen peptide placebo: collagen peptide placebo

The aim of the current research is to evaluate the effects of 6 and 9 months of Solugel® supplementation on joint mobility, comfort, performance, body composition and related biomarkers of joint and bone health in older life-long athletes and physically active people. Doses of zero, 10, and 20 g per day for 6 or 9 months will be administered to determine, if any, is most effective at improving the previously mentioned outcomes. 2.0 Objectives\* 2.1 The aim of the current research is to evaluate the effects of 6 and 9 months of Solugel® supplementation on joint mobility, comfort, performance, body composition and related biomarkers of joint and bone health in older life-long athletes and physically active people. Doses of zero, 10, and 20g per day for 6 or 9 months will be administered to determine, if any, is most effective at improving the previously mentioned outcomes 2.2 We hypothesize that Solugel® at 10g and 20g will be more effective than the placebo supplement at all outcome measures. We also hypothesize that 20g will be more effective than 10g. 3.0 Background\* 3.1 Very active individuals may describe joint discomfort as one negative aspect limiting their healthy lifestyles. Indeed, competitive swimmers (Wanivenhaus et al. Sports Health. 2012; 4:246-51) and those who partake in significant outdoor activity report substantial joint discomfort (Mranda et al. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2002; 10:623-30). This joint discomfort may be related to osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disease, presenting with focal and progressive loss of hyaline cartilage of joints with joint space narrowing. Current treatment for OA and joint pain include injectable corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These modes of treatment are effective for reducing pain, however, they are not without serious long-term adverse effects including joint infection, nerve damage, possible tendon weakening, dyspepsia, ulcers, bleeding and other gastrointestinal complications. In addition, very active individuals often complain of musculoskeletal injuries. Indeed, more than half of all sports injuries include sprains, ruptures, and damage to musculoskeletal tissue. The integrity of collagen-rich extracellular matrix that surrounds tendon, ligaments, and bone determines both the structure and function of these musculoskeletal tissues. Nutritional interventions that strengthen these musculoskeletal tissues likely have a direct effect on injury prevention and rehabilitation. Indeed, supplementation with 5g or 15g of gelatin in subjects that performed high-intensity intermittent exercise bouts demonstrated improved collagen synthesis. In young athletic subjects, supplementation with 5g bioactive collagen peptides for 12 weeks demonstrated significant improvements in activity-related pain intensity compared to a placebo. The timing of collagen peptide intake in relation to improvements in functional outcomes is still not determined. Only one study to date has examined the influence of post-exercise collagen peptides compared to a placebo. The outcomes of this singular study demonstrated exceptional body composition improvements in elderly sarcopenic men. The increase in fat-free mass (FFM) and decrease in fat mass (FM) for the treatment group (FFM: +4.2±2.3 kg; FM: -5.4±3.1 kg) was significantly greater than the placebo group (FFM: +2.9±1.8kg; FM: -3.5±2.2 kg)). These changes in only 12 weeks were so pronounced that it warranted a letter to the editor by renowned protein researchers questioning the likelihood of such changes. To date, there has been no follow-up study to replicate these findings with regard to body composition. Aging clearly exacerbates joint pain and worsens body composition resulting in less strength, less power, and decrements in exercise performance: an investigation using collagen peptides in life-long athletes over age 50 years is clearly warranted. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the effects of 9-months of Solugel® supplementation on joint mobility, comfort, performance, body composition and related biomarkers of health in older athletes. 4.0 Study Endpoints\* 4.1 To determine the extent to which Solugel® can improve joint health as measured by a modified-Knee Injury \& Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (mKOOS), and/or global \& modified-Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) subscales (discomfort, stiffness \& function). Secondary outcome measures will include visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaires for overall/whole-body joint pain and changes in knee range of motion as assessed using a goniometer. Tertiary outcomes will include measures of cartilage synthesis and degradation (plasma IGF-1, P1NP, CTX, TGF-beta, MMPs), inflammation (plasma CRP, TNF-α), and bone formation and resorption (serum b-ALP). To identify the extent to which Solugel® can improve body composition as measured with BIA and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (fat mass, fat-free mass). In addition, bone mineral density (BMD) will be assessed (whole body, lumbar spine (L1-4) and left and right hip). 5.0 Study Intervention/Investigational Agent 5.1 Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: 1) placebo (maltodextrin); 2) 5g Solugel® + half serving of placebo; or 3) 10g Solugel®. Supplements will be consumed 2 times per day for 9 months. Compliance will be assessed at various time points throughout the duration of the study. Measurements will be taken at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months. 6.0 Procedures Involved\* 6.1 To avoid risk of infection and spread of COVID-19, all participants will be screened for symptoms per the current CDC guidelines. PPE will be worn by all research personnel and participants, and six feet distancing will always be maintained when possible. All non-essential in person visits will also be moved to an online format. The facilities and equipment will be disinfected prior to study visits, and participants will be given the form HRP-502ic to update them on FSUs policies regarding mitigating the infection and spread of COVID-19. Testing measures will include: Medical history questionnaire and aerobic fitness level (baseline only), anthropometrics, physical activity questionnaire (once per month), DXA scan, BIA, three day food records, pain questionnaire (once per month), range of motion (once per month), and blood sampling. Over the span of the study, participants will be randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments to be consumed 2 times per day: (1) Isocaloric placebo control (maltodextrin, PLA); (2) 5g Solugel® + half serving of PLA (LOW); (3) 10g Solugel® (HIGH). The supplements will be provided in identical packages and consumed with water. One month of the supplement will be provided at each visit. Compliance will be ensured via phone and email contact. A self-reported side-effects form will be completed monthly. Baseline (0 months) Participants will arrive to the laboratory and complete screening questions, medical history questionnaires, physical activity questionnaires, pain questionnaires, informed consent documents, anthropometrics, DXA scan for bone density as well as body composition, BIA for TBW, three-day food records, range of motion testing, and blood sampling (20 ml). Month 1 Participants will arrive to the laboratory and perform anthropometrics, DXA scan for body composition only, BIA for TBW, physical activity questionnaires, pain questionnaires, 3-day food records, and range of motion testing. Months 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 Participants will arrive to the laboratory and perform pain questionnaires, physical activity questionnaires, and range of motion testing. Month 3 Participants will arrive to the laboratory and complete screening questions, medical history questionnaires, physical activity questionnaires, pain questionnaires, informed consent documents, anthropometrics, DXA scan body composition only, BIA for TBW, three-day food records, range of motion testing, and blood sampling (20 ml). Months 6 \& 9 Participants will arrive to the laboratory and complete screening questions, medical history questionnaires, physical activity questionnaires, pain questionnaires, informed consent documents, anthropometrics, DXA scan for bone density as well as body composition, BIA for TBW, three-day food records, range of motion testing, and blood sampling (20 ml). All measures are performed by trained study staff to monitor subjects for safety and to minimize risks. 6.2 The risk of adverse events from consumption of the supplement beverage is extremely minimal. Body composition and bone mineral density will be evaluated by DXA. This involves low exposure to radiation (less than 5 mREMs per DXA scan). Therefore, subjects undergoing the DXA scan can have a slightly increased cancer risk. By comparison, an x-ray of the spine is 70 mREM, a mammogram is 45 mREM, and a round trip transcontinental plane flight is 6 mREM. The risk of adverse events from the aerobic fitness test are minimal, blood draw may cause infection, localized bruising and discomfort, but all measures will be conducted by qualified personnel who will be present during all experimental trials to ensure proper procedures are followed. The risk of injury during the tests will be minimized by careful review of my medical history form, and no other assessments carry a risk of harm to participants. 6.3 Information obtained during the course of the study will remain confidential to the extent required by law. Participant names will not appear on any of the results. No individual responses will be reported in publication, only group responses. Confidentiality will be maintained by the assignment of a code number for each subject in which all data recorded will be based. The only record containing both the participant's name and code number will be kept by the principal investigator, Dr. Michael Ormsbee, in a locked drawer in his laboratory. All records will be destroyed after a minimum of five years. 7.0 Study Timelines\* 7.1 Individual participant study duration is 6 or 9 months. The duration anticipated to enroll all study subjects is two years, and the estimated date for the investigators to complete this study is July, 2022. Dietary supplement intervention: Collagen Peptides vs. Placebo: Participants were randomized into one of three treatment groups.

Comparison of a randomized, double-blind, and control-group study for the effect of oral ingestion of low-molecular collagen peptides derived from Skate Skin on body fat reduction in adults Our aim is to investigate the effect of oral ingestion of low-molecular collagen peptides derived from Skate Skin on body fat reduction in adults by a randomized, double-blind, and control-group study. Dietary supplement intervention: Skate Skin group: 2,000 mg of low-molecular collagen peptide was orally administered per day for 12 weeks. Dietary supplement intervention: Control group: 2,000 mg of starch was orally administered per day for 12 weeks.

Reflex plus™ is a unique blend of Collagen Hydrolysate with Rosehip extract. The blend contains individual ingredients which have been widely studied for its effectiveness in osteoarthritis(OA). Collagen hydrolysate is accumulated in the cartilage and helps to repair the OA, related cartilaginous changes. Rosehip works in the anti-inflammatory pathway thus reducing the pain and inflammation of the joint. The two open-label studies have showed the effectiveness of the investigational product on OA. The 2 studies did not show any specific safety concern to be considered. The study demonstrated the synergistic effect of CH and Rosehip extract from former in-vitro results in the formulation. The supplement has been manufactured in GMP certified manufacturing units in Germany and India under strict quality control check. Hence, quality of the supplement and batch to batch consistency is well assured. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of Reflex Plus on osteoarthritis(OA) patients. The duration of the study is 12 / 24 weeks excluding the screening period of approximate 1 week. The test product being studied is Reflex Plus is composed of Collagen hydrolysate and Rosehip extract, it is a health supplement. It is expected to help in the building of cartilage for efficient joint functioning and relieving pain associated with arthritis It helps in cartilage protection and joint pain management.The primary endpoint of the study is the change in knee pain as measured by the WOMAC osteoarthritis (OA) index sum score between baseline and last visit in the comparison between IP and placebo. Dietary supplement intervention: Reflex Plus: Collagen Hydrolysate: 5g ,Rosehip aqueous extract 0.55g, Dietary supplement intervention: Placebo: Fructose,Orange flavor and sucralose

This study is designed to evaluate, by MRI, knee cartilage and structure in all subjects. Half the subjects in this study will take collagen hydrolysate each day for 48 weeks and the other half of the subjects will take a placebo dose, that looks like and tastes like the collagen hydrolysate, each day for 48 weeks. MRIs will be taken at Study Weeks -1, 24, and 48. This is a single-site, double-blind, pilot study to evaluate the sensitivity of MRI to detect cartilage structure and composition in subjects taking daily oral collagen hydrolysate (a nutritional supplement) or placebo for 48 weeks. 30 subjects will be randomized to collagen hydrolysate or placebo (1:1 ratio). The goal is to evaluate, by MRI, knee cartilage and structure in all subjects. The primary functional outcome measure will be the WOMAC questionnaire and the primary pathological outcome measure will be knee cartilage structure and composition as measurements done by MRI imaging. Subjects will have contrast dGEMRIC MRIs done at Study Weeks -1, 24 and 48. Dietary supplement intervention: Collagen Hydrolysate: Collagen Hydrolysate solution 10 grams per day by mouth for 48 weeks Dietary supplement intervention: Placebo: Matching placebo solution per day by mouth for 48 weeks.